The Fifth Great Lesson, “The Story of Numbers,” is a journey through the history of mathematics, exploring the development of numeric systems from their earliest origins to the decimal system used today. From simple counting methods to complex mathematical concepts, this lesson unfolds the fascinating evolution of numbers and their significance in shaping the modern world. This journey begins with the earliest civilisations, where counting was limited to “one,” “two,” and “more than two.” As societies evolved, the need for more sophisticated numeric systems emerged and ancient peoples developed unique methods to represent larger quantities, such as tally marks and pebbles.

The discovery of place value was a revolutionary step in the history of numbers. It allowed for the representation of larger numbers using a base system, where the position of a digit determines its value. Various civilisations, including the Egyptians, Babylonians, and Mayans, devised their own base systems. The exploration of different numbering systems throughout the centuries, including the Babylonian base-60 system and the Roman numerals, demonstrates the ingenuity of ancient mathematicians. The concept of zero, introduced by Indian mathematicians, was a transformative milestone that paved the way for advanced mathematical operations.

Eventually, the decimal system, with its ten-base and positional notation, emerged as a universal means of counting and calculation. This system forms the foundation of modern mathematics and is used worldwide. The research possibilities offered by this story emerge from the children’s questions and can range from finding out who discovered zero, or working out who was Hypatia?

(Hypatia (c.355–415) was the first woman known to have taught mathematics.)

This story explores:

Mathematics

Students delve into the realm of mathematics, exploring operations, fractions, decimals, multiples, squares, cubes, percentages, ratio, probability, and an introduction to algebra. Through problem-solving and practical applications, children develop critical thinking skills and a deeper understanding of numerical concepts.

Numbers

The study of numbers encompasses their origins, different numbering systems, bases, types of numbers, and scientific notation. Children learn about influential mathematicians who have shaped the field of mathematics.

Geometry

Geometry introduces students to concepts of congruency, similarity, and the nomenclature of lines, angles, shapes, and solids. Measurement and theorems deepen their understanding of spatial relationships and geometric principles.

Application

Practical applications of mathematics come to life through story problems, measurement, estimation, graphs, patterning, rounding, and money concepts. Children gain confidence in applying mathematical principles to real-world scenarios. The story leads into how formulas such as for finding area came into existence. Children are offered materials that make such abstract formulas concrete and manipulable.